A major cardiovascular event occurred in 805 participants (396 in the vitamin D group and 409 in the placebo group hazard ratio, 0.97 95% CI, 0.85 to 1.12 P=0.69). During a median follow-up of 5.3 years, cancer was diagnosed in 1617 participants (793 in the vitamin D group and 824 in the placebo group hazard ratio, 0.96 95% confidence interval, 0.88 to 1.06 P=0.47). Supplementation with vitamin D was not associated with a lower risk of either of the primary end points. ResultsĪ total of 25,871 participants, including 5106 black participants, underwent randomization. This article reports the results of the comparison of vitamin D with placebo. Secondary end points included site-specific cancers, death from cancer, and additional cardiovascular events. Primary end points were invasive cancer of any type and major cardiovascular events (a composite of myocardial infarction, stroke, or death from cardiovascular causes).
We conducted a nationwide, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, with a two-by-two factorial design, of vitamin D 3 (cholecalciferol) at a dose of 2000 IU per day and marine n−3 (also called omega-3) fatty acids at a dose of 1 g per day for the prevention of cancer and cardiovascular disease among men 50 years of age or older and women 55 years of age or older in the United States. It is unclear whether supplementation with vitamin D reduces the risk of cancer or cardiovascular disease, and data from randomized trials are limited. The most trusted, influential source of new medical knowledge and clinical best practices in the world.
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